Effects of multiple stressors on fish shoal collective motion are independent and vary with shoaling metric

Open Access Research Article 2020

Animal Behaviour

Ginnaw, G.M., Davidson, I.K., Harding, H.R.,Simpson, S.D., Roberts, N.W., Radford, A.N.,Ioannou, C.C.
 Tested the independent and combined effects of darkness and acoustic noise on the collective motion of three-spined sticklebacks Using a fully factorial repeated-measures design. Additional acoustic noise had no detectable effect on these variables, it altered group structure, with fish being more likely to be found side by side one another. Fish were also further from the arena wall (i.e. showed reduced wall following) when there was additional acoustic noise.
Keywords: Group structure, Repeatability, Shoaling, Stressor independence

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