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The effects of ship noise on marine mammals--A review

2019

Frontiers in Marine Science

Erbe, Christine, Marley Sarah, Schoeman Renee, Smith Joshua N., Trigg Leah, and Embling C. B.

The number of marine watercraft is on the rise—from private boats in coastal areas to commercial ships crossing oceans. A concomitant increase in underwater noise has...
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Keywords: Auditory masking, Behavioral response, Chronic noise exposure, Commercial shipping, Marine mammal, Marine watercraft, Ship noise emission

Stage of Activity

Geophysical Exploration

Drilling

Construction

Production

Decommissioning

Export/Shipping

Other

Stage of Assessment

Stage 2: Sound emissions & propagation
Sound Measurements

Sound Modelling

Stage 3: Existing biological environment
Hearing Sensitivity

Stage 4: Potential impact assessment
Impact Study

Stage 5: Monitoring & Mitigation
Mitigation Measures

Other

Literature Review

Publication Type

Sound Source

Relevance to E&P Activities

Representative of real world source

Context relative to E&P activities

Parameters clearly measured and reported

Study Design

Relevance / context to E&P activity

Considers temporal / spatial variation

Receiver physiology/sensitivity

Receiver life stage/function

Control parameters clearly stated

Laboratory vs field

Modelling vs Real World

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Year of Issue

Pre 1985 Post 1985

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