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EIA Database

Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Assessing the Severity of Marine Mammal Behavioural Responses to Human Noise

2021
Open Access Research Article

Aquatic Mammals

Southall, B.L., Nowacek, D.P., Bowles, A.W., Senigaglia, V., Bejder, L., Tyack, P.L.,

Combined recent data suggests recent efforts to derive disturbance thresholds for single noise exposure parameters can lead to significant errors in predicted effects that are inconsistent....
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Keywords: Behaviour response, Criteria, Marine mammals, Noise, Severity, Vital rates

A sound approach to assessing the impact of underwater noise on marine fishes and invertebrates

2016
Open Access Peer Reviewed Publication

ICES Journal of Marine Science

Hawkins, A. D. and Popper, A. N.

Increasing attention is being paid to the ecological consequences of underwater noise generated by human activities such as shipping and maritime industries including, but not limited...
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Keywords: Airgun, Criteria, Fish, Ground roll, Invertebrate, Noise, Particle motion, Pile driving, Regulation, Seismic, Shipping, Sonar, Sound